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Empire Military Mindset … a cross post
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lurker
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 11:38 am    Post subject: Empire Military Mindset … a cross post Reply with quote

Ok, I’ve finished the lion’s share of my MA project (and am hitting a wall on finishing it) soooo I’ll take a break and do what jmanski suggested on the Golan thread.
What started my idea is the below

lurker wrote:

vanir wrote:
...
Basically a little "off screen" RPG at the station itself among its command section and crew might be an advised tactic for GMs so that when you think about it, each individual space station becomes a unique, case specific kind of exercise. Individual stations could be highly customized to suit their mission profile or history of encounters.


Originally, it makes sense, but I just finished listening to a lecture about mid to late Rome government (and studying a bit on my own about modern government – tyrant/dictators) and they all end up stifling creativity and independent initiative. The price is just too high to risk making a poor decision. Even if it is a good decision or idea, you just made your superior look bad soooooo your good decision just made you an enemy. You can even see it in ESB and Vader killing the Admiral for coming out of jump too close to the target.
Also from my military work overseas, we (American NCOs) tended to be proactive and always was ready to run an audible when something went sideways, Others, especially from prior eastern bloc countries, always defaulted to “we don’t have an order for that, I’m not sure it will be ok…” However, those same guys were trained to their SOPs flawlessly …
With that, I’d say the crews (for any Imperial craft, not just the Golan) would be extremely well trained; however, always a cookie cutter mind set. On the other hand, rebels may be a bit slipshod on by the book training, but always modified, unpredictable, etc


Vanir replied with

vanir wrote:

I do understand what you're saying lurker and don't want to hijack the thread with an off topic discussion, but just food for thought consider for example the Wehrmacht, existing as it did under a socialist dictatorship and yet it was strategically constructed "from bottom up" rather than "top down" philosophy, ie. high command gave the general objectives handed to them by the CiC (Hitler), but tactical decisions lay completely with the field commanders, in many cases as low as Colonel or Major in rank and I'm talking decisions which changed the direction of a Wehrmacht putsch, such as moving south in the crimea to take Sebastopol instead of linking up with von Kleist, or withdrawing from Kharkov to regroup and come back at it after diverting Soviet reinforcements...that was completely against Hitler's firm instructions. But field commanders always had full authority, if it didn't pay off they found themselves in a court martial and if it did they got decorated, they survived on the initiative of field commands, the entire "Blitzkreig" style of warfare was dependent upon the field commanders autonomy, the Stukas were literally attached to Panzergruppen and the command tanks assigned Luftwaffe radio operators so they could act with complete autonomy. No other military in the world gave so much authority to its field commanders, nobody.
The US painstakingly studied Wehrmacht warfare doctrine both during and following the war and adjusted its own conventions to follow it starting in the 1950s.
What you're really discussing is a case specific example of Soviet communism established by the Stalinist era and his terrifying Purges which ravaged the military, literally horrifying all personnel into submission. Did you know literally all commanders above the rank of Colonel, all staff officers, without exception were arrested and either executed or sent to Gulags during the 30s? That 50% of all mid ranked and administrative officers ranked between Captain and Colonel were similarly taken during the same period? That a noticeable number of all junior officers in the entire military met the same fate? They were terrified into submission, literally. No wonder they had no battlefield initiative in the early war period 41-43 but even so, by late 1942 the creation of Shock Troop formations, the Guards formations, improved training and experienced gained by the replacement commanders and senior staff, the Soviets actually showed plenty of initiative according to the Wehrmacht's own combat reports.
In fact the only military which markedly displayed a complete lack of any field initiative was the Imperial Japanese. Time and time again it was noted by US/Allied forces that whenever Japanese field command bunkers could be taken down, or squadron leaders shot down, or command flagships sunk, the rest of the present formations immediately broke into noticable and catastrophic tactical disarray, often throwing all pretence at organised warfare in the gutter and simply charging reinforced positions en masse. And to their own slaughter.
But this was under a strict Imperial and authoritarian monarchist system of old school training, where soldiers are dehumanized as serfs to become automatons fighting blindly for their Lords. Such an oligarchy is really much closer to west European and US systems of military doctrine than anything from central or eastern Europe (which was largey reconstructed during the 20th century all fresh and new).
But I think at any rate we can all agree if the Galactic Empire is styled on any particular historical theme the Nazi one is up near the top of the list, and whilst hardly representing anything other than ideological dictatorship, they did believe in getting the job done and that meant letting the experts on the scene, the field commanders act autonomously for the most part.
And look at Admiral Ozzel, who arrogantly decided which tactic to employ for the interdiction of Hoth: under his own authority. Look at Vader who happily does battlefield executions under his own authority. If their military doctrine challenged this autonomy, their own Stormtrooper guards would not have let them make those decisions.
It's just, not real good for you if your decision doesn't pan out well for the Empire. Then you pay.
But hey, it was the same in the Wehrmacht too. Some of Manstein's staff wound up in Dachau with their families because of unsuccessful field actions in the Crimea during 42. That was what happened: one minute you're in charge of an army, next minute you're in a concentration camp, so is your family, because a decision didn't pan out.


I too see the Empire being very Nazi like soooo would see the military being very German like. With that, Vanir makes some great points (especially the inclusion of Stukas as an attachment to the Panzers, and the radio operators in the CC food chain – this is VERY near and dear to my heart as it is the basis of my team in the AF). Admittedly, the German army was painfully effective, especially early in the war.

However, as the war wore on, defeats began, and things didn’t always go Germany’s way, things began to break down. With that, Hitler began to control more (specifically the order to no retreat an inch on the Eastern front, double down on Stalingrad etc) and the military machine refusing to send the front line troops needed coats etc because the order was to have the mission complete before the approaching winter hit.

I guess I’m stating/asking 2 separate things

With the mindset of
vanir wrote:
It's just, not real good for you if your decision doesn't pan out well for the Empire. Then you pay.
But hey, it was the same in the Wehrmacht too. Some of Manstein's staff wound up in Dachau with their families because of unsuccessful field actions in the Crimea during 42. That was what happened: one minute you're in charge of an army, next minute you're in a concentration camp, so is your family, because a decision didn't pan out


How willing to be decisive and lean forward will an average imperial officer be? How will they modify or deviate from SOP?

Second, where in the timeframe/mindset of the WWII German military does the Empire fall in your game? Is it the effective military genius of the blitz (with the brilliant military minds running it independent of the control of the Emperor and Vader) or is it in the timeframe of Hitler making decisions on everything and marginalizing the few good generals he had left?
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 12:26 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Well, the Imperial Sourcebook says this on page 84:

"As the war against the Rebellion heats up, a substantial part of the [Army] organization is improvised by field commanders who are trying to combat a foe who gains strength with each encounter. Old line commanders and COMPNOR officials do not approve of such initiative on the parts of local commanders, and these officers are often punished even if the results prove successful. It is not unknown for a commander to be summarily executed for his violation of Surface Operations Training Doctrine, and then have his methods evaluated and subsequently adopted as new doctrine.

Such pioneers are obviously a rarity in the Empire."

I don't think the German Army is the best analogy. Micromanagement and meddling by high command in the latter half of WWII was because Hitler's mental issues came to the fore, not because it was part of doctrine. A better example (IMO) would be the Red Army during the Cold War: effective but rigid doctrine and ironclad control from the top down.
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Fallon Kell
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 4:11 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

The ISB also tells the story of Veers' promotion to general. He disobeyed bad orders, won a battle, and murdered his former CO. That combined with the fact that many imperial commanders were promoted based on merit, implies that initiative was not unheard of, but was possibly dangerous when it became a power struggle, resulting in the execution of the lesser commander.

Pelleaon was worried, at first, about proposing a solution without running it by Thrawn first, but he still did it. I get the sense that making suggestions to superior officers was not frowned upon except by the most prideful, and initiative that did not contradict orders was likely welcomed.
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 4:14 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

An important distinction: Veers didn't murder his CO. Although he acted against orders and saved the embattled troops from the native attack, his CO (General Irrv) was threatening to bring Veers up on charges of disobeying direct orders when the senior stormtrooper officer (Commander Grath) summarily executed the general, subsequently giving Veers a battlefield promotion from Lieutenant to Major. The reference is page 67 of the Star Wars Sourcebook.
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 5:43 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

crmcneill wrote:
An important distinction: Veers didn't murder his CO. Although he acted against orders and saved the embattled troops from the native attack, his CO (General Irrv) was threatening to bring Veers up on charges of disobeying direct orders when the senior stormtrooper officer (Commander Grath) summarily executed the general, subsequently giving Veers a battlefield promotion from Lieutenant to Major. The reference is page 67 of the Star Wars Sourcebook.
That's right! So much for my memory while I'm working...
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 5:47 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I like the analogy of the Red Army, with a hint of meddling from the emporer.

The Imperial Army is usually left out of discussions. I think they should do the bulk of the fighting with the stormtroopers being used when more firepower is needed (but I don't go by the baseline stormtrooper stats, either).
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 12, 2012 6:57 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

jmanski wrote:
I like the analogy of the Red Army, with a hint of meddling from the emporer.


There are definite aspects of both Germany and the USSR found in Imperial military and political doctrine. The closest analogy to the stormtroopers would be the SS. The Russian NKVD and KGB have some similarities, but they are more weighted towards internal security than elite combat forces. There are also definite similarities in the Soviet tendency towards paranoia and redundancy, in that they had multiple intelligence / internal security services.
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lurker
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PostPosted: Thu Dec 13, 2012 10:50 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Guys, thanks for the replies

Without the source books, I was just assuming ... and you know what that leads to ... Confused

From your posts, rgr on the army being more Red Army than German ... Even at its worst, the WW2 German army was far from that messed up. However, as Vanir pointed out, post WW2 Red army gutted itself and had paronied purges, arrests, etc. (I need to check on dates though, I thought there was a second purge under Stallen after the war too, but I might be off on that).

Soooo form that, I'd say the Army during the clone war and EARLY rebel era would be more Germanish, but through the rebel era very Red Army like.

jmanski wrote:


...
The Imperial Army is usually left out of discussions. I think they should do the bulk of the fighting with the stormtroopers being used when more firepower is needed (but I don't go by the baseline stormtrooper stats, either).



crmcneill wrote:

There are definite aspects of both Germany and the USSR found in Imperial military and political doctrine. The closest analogy to the stormtroopers would be the SS. The Russian NKVD and KGB have some similarities, but they are more weighted towards internal security than elite combat forces. There are also definite similarities in the Soviet tendency towards paranoia and redundancy, in that they had multiple intelligence / internal security services.


Rgr on those. Back in the day when I played, I always hated that every bad guy on every world had an endless supply of SS to pull from ... I always pictured them like the German SS, or the USSR Spetnaz (who I saw once, and are truly scary!!!!). The crack troops that are well equipped and highly trained and "fanatical", but are too valuable for normal ops. With that, the rebels should more often than not be going toe to toe with the standard army/navy troops, but when the SS does show up ... they are in for the fight for their lives.

Then the Empire has the internal security checking the army, the low level positions etc etc and self feeding on the paranoia and fear ... "Maj Soandso, I just had a talk from - the empire's version of the KGB - and you will turn over your side arm, and leave with him ... Now I have know you for the last 5 years, seen you be a hero and loyal to the Empire, so I do not know why this is happening. However, if you don't comply, it will be both of us going of the gulag sooooo, you will comply."
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PostPosted: Thu Dec 13, 2012 11:50 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Oddly enough, the Imperial Army is largely a WEG invention. In the films, stormtroopers / clone troopers do the bulk of the fighting, with occasional glimpses of other troop types (naval troopers on the Death Star) pretty much just filling space. Your argument about stormtroopers being elite forces makes perfect sense, but this RPG is often as much about the "feel" of Star Wars as it is about realism, and stormtroopers just feel more Star Wars than the Imperial Army.

As far as purges go, I'm sure that the Imperial Armed Forces have undergone purges that dwarfed any of Stalin's purges on a purely numerical level, but the Empire has a vastly larger population base over the USSR. I'm sure purges occurred, but Palpatine was also a master politician, who spun just about everything to make it look like the right thing to do.

The Imperial equivalent you are looking for would be the Imperial Security Bureau or ISB, which is a branch of COMPNOR. It is a rival in many ways to Imperial Intelligence, but the ISB tends to be the more heavy-handed of the two.
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PostPosted: Thu Dec 13, 2012 3:46 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I can't disagree with anything posted. I do tend to on a personal level assert a more Nazi themed emphasis by sheer preference to the Imperials in our campaign, both the players and I simply prefer it so our Imperials do tend to shy away from Stalinist-soviet doctrine and more towards Nazism and Wehrmacht duality (there was a subtle civil war within the German military between the old guard Prussians and the Nazis, which extended politically in some areas like the midwest and northeast reich, the monarchists which were always only begrudgingly tolerant of the Nazis and only really placated by Goering's position being an aristocrat).

The ISB and Ubiqutorate relationship is another one I find a distinctly WW2-era German parallel. The SS-SD (sicherheistdeinst) being ISB and the Ubiqutorate being Abwehr. They're even named similarly as allegorical.
To give an idea of their priorities, the SS were very political of course (membership of the party a prerequisite for SS membership), one of the SD projects during the war was investigating proof that Jesus wasn't really Jewish but an aryan.
Abwehr had very different projects. The Östfront intelligence gathering network was the framework used by the postwar CIA (by giving immunity from warcrimes charges for certain German military and SS), to set up its cold war Soviet counter-intelligence network. It was that effective.

So I do run them a bit like that. The ISB from among the "Golden Pheasants" (German term for SS leaders that weren't qualified for their rank/position or the number of medals and adornments on their uniforms, not uncommon), of the COMPNOR branches, buffoons that make up for their inequity with sheer brutality.
Whilst the Ubiqutorate I run like Abwehr, more professional and dangerous, more James Bond like, more like the CIA. But less popular with senior political officials due to being outside the "party" in this case COMPNOR ranks.

Some branches of the ISB I run like the Gestapo, one should use the complex tables in the Imperial Sourcebook for the various COMPNOR/ISB departments however. Like the SD, SS-verfuegungstruppe, SS-polizei and other branches they came from different stocks of recruitment and training. The Gestapo was set up originally by Goering as a private army from within his personal efforts to become Lord and Master of the Nazi-Prussian empire in the northeast reich. He stylised himself as a contemporary or peer of Hitler rather than a subordinate, he brought the aristocrats and Hitler brought the fanatics.
Goering created the Gestapo from his personal security force created within the Prussian police, which Goering modified along the lines of Nazi policy with his own personality brought heavily to bear (this made him at one point the most feared and powerful man in Germany next to Hitler).
Hitler handed it all over to Himmler, some say fearing Goering's power.
They became the Gestapo, but Goering retained personal influence, you wouldn't want Goering as an enemy in those days, they'd still take orders from him privately and without involving Himmler if he called them.

So ISB insofar as internal security goes and aside from external Intelligence efforts, becomes a slightly different animal more in line with Gestapo and less buffoonery.




As an aside, fairly recently, from the late 90s some genuine interaction between US/NATO and Russian military speculators (eg. coordinated anti-terrorism forums and subsequent reports by military personnel spending time with each other), some old school Cold War beliefs about the Soviet military doctrine have been challenged directly as propaganda and misunderstanding.
One finding, which is published around the web military forums about the place, is that Soviet military doctrine and modern Russian military doctrine was in no way "robotic" or dehumanised as previously believed or asserted (anti-communist cold war propaganda mostly), and highly dependent upon individual initiative and qualitive training.
In this respect the quality of Russian military training, the example given of fighter pilots in its air force is perfectly equivalent to NATO training and in no way dependent upon strict adherence to ground based instructions and lack of pilot initiative as had been previously asserted in the west.

This state of strict doctrinal adherence was isolated to GCI doctrine within the PVO-Strany which was no different to US GCI strategic defence squadrons using the F-106, which is even flown remotely during the bulk of its mission. The pilot is just there to oversee a firing solution and fire the weapons. It was a type of weapons system technology common to both US and Soviet strategic militaries and not related to general VVS doctrine, which is run directly from field commands with full autonomy and highly dependent upon pilot initiative and training doctrinally.

Currently the Soviet cum Russian air force's fighter pilots are regarded as equally well trained and capable as NATO ones and had always been. Much of a muchness, I guess what works, works for everyone.


The Soviet-communist theocracy is a particular bend but shouldn't be confused with a dictatorship. The ideology is paramount and beyond all authority, but the personality of the Chairman is invariably stamped upon how it is to be interpreted. Stalin asserted "Soviet Realism" and was extremely conservative. Kruschev or say Gorbachev reformed a lot of Stalinist political doctrine and reasserted Lenin's philosophy of "Progressive Socialism". The two primary Soviet political doctrines, depending upon who is in Chair, then should be divided into Soviet-realism or Progressive-soviet. Respectively conservative or liberal.

A lot of the real stifling throughout the Soviet era was generated within communities, the Soviet system giving say, all local political power to the regional unions, means people like wharfies and trade-thugs are running the show, running the police force, running the job markets.
Most people in the 70s say, sent to Gulags were sent there by their neighbours out in Kharkov or wherever, not by secret police in Moscow. They just signed off on it, because that's the system.
Bolshevism means literally "majority rule" (menshevism means representative democracy, they were ousted in the second revolution a couple of months after the first).
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